PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.